Saturday, 17 December 2022

Chandogya upanishad (Ch.6,7&8)–31

 Chapter 8, Section 11

Mantra 8-11-1

tadyatraitatsuptah samastah samprasannah svapnam na vijanaatyesha athmeti hovachaitadamrtamabhayametadbrahmeti sa ha santahṛdayah pravavraja sa haprapyaiva devanetadbhayam dadarsa naha khalvayamevam sampratyatmanam janatyayamahamasmiti no evemani bhutani vinasamevapito bhavati nahamatra bhogyam pasyamiti || 8.11.1 ||

(Prajapathi said) "When a person is asleep, with senses withdrawn and serene and sees no dream-that is the Athma. It is immortal and fearless. It is Brahman." Then Indra went away satisfied in heart. But even before he had reached the gods, he got this doubt: "In truth this (i.e. the one in dreamless sleep) does not know itself as if it has gone to annihilation, as it were. I do not see any good in this."

            After the second stay of thirty-two years Prajapathi said to Indra “When a person is in dreamless deep sleep, sushupthi avastha, he is calm and composed as his senses are withdrawn into mind and mind is also at rest. This suptha purusha, the deep-sleep self is the Athma and this is fearless and immortal and this is Brahman.”  In the earlier teachings he pointed to Visva, the waker-self, and to Taijasa, the dream-self, both with Athma as lakshyartha, as Athma. In both occasions Indra mistook the vachyartha as Athma and returned later for further teaching when he found by reasoning that it is not correct. And now Prajapathi has pointed to Prajna, the suptha purusha, whose lakshyartha also is Athma, as Athma. This time also Indra missed the point and went away satisfied thinking that Prajna is the Athma. But on the way to Indra-loka, he thought “‘When I have dreamless sleep, why is it that I am not conscious of anything—inner world or outer world or even of myself? It’s as if I have been annihilated and everything has disappeared. How could this Athma which Prajapathi is repeatedly telling as fearless and immortal can be a Sunyam? So I will go back to Prajapathi once again seeking clarification”.  So reasoning Indra returned to Prajapathi with samitpani in hand.

Mantra 8-11-2&3

sa samitpaṇih punareyaya tam ha prajapatiruvacha maghavanyacchantahrdayah pravrajih kimicchanpunaragama iti sa hovacha naha khalvayam bhagava evam sampratyathmanam janatyayamahamasmithi no evemani bhutani vinasamevapito bhavati nahamatra bhogyam pasyamiti || 8.11.2 ||

evamevaisha maghavanniti hovachaitam tveva te bhuyo'nuvyakhyasyami no evanyatraitasmadvasaparani pancha varshanithi sa haparani pancha varshanyuvasa tanyekasatam sampeduretattadyadahurekasatam ha vai varshani maghavanprajapatau brahmacaryamuvasa tasmai hovacha || 8.11.3 || iti ekadasah khandah ||

Indra returned with fuel in hand. Prajapati asked: ‘Indra, you left happy in mind. What has made you come back?’  Indra replied: ‘Revered Sir, when the self is in deep sleep, it is not able to recognize itself as “I am so-and-so,” as it does when it is awake. Not only that, it does not even recognize beings around it. It is as if the self has reached utter annihilation. I don’t see anything good in this’. (2) Prajapati said: ‘Indra, it is so. I will explain the Athma to you again. Stay here another five years.’ Indra lived there another five years. The total time Indra spent thus was one hundred and one years. This is what sages refer to when they say, ‘Indra lived with Prajapati for one hundred and one years practising Brahmacharya.’ Then Prajāpati said to him: (3) End of Chapter eleven.

            Indra came back again to Prajapathi carrying samithpani as an expression of his desire to learn further.  Though Prjapathi guessed the purpose he didn’t show it and asked the reason for his return.  Then Indra narrated his deliberation on Prajapathi’s teaching and said “Revered Sir, the suptha purusha, the deep-sleep-self, no doubt, is free from the drawbacks seen in the case of svapna purusha, but it is also not free from drawbacks. In deep sleep it is not aware of itself nor of the world outside. It is if it has been annihilated and everything has disappeared. I feel it cannot be the immortal Athma and so I want to know more about the Athma”.  Hearing him Prajapathi thought, “Now Indra has negated the karana sareera also as Athma.  Earlier by negating Visva and Taijasa he has negated the sthula sareera and sukshma sareera and with this negation, all the three sareeras had been negated and he is to be taught about Athma only straight”.  Since impurities lingering in Indra’s mind were very little, now Prajapathi asked Indra to stay for another five years only, making it in total of one hundred and one years, practising Brahmacharya to attain total chitta suddhi.  The reason for this long stay in this story is to stress the importance of chitta suddhi for gaining Self-knowledge unlike the gaining of secular knowledge, where chitta ekagratha alone is sufficient.  Indra stayed there for another five years and at the end of the period Prajapathi gave his final instructions on Athma, which will appear in the next section.  This section ends here.

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