Wednesday, 14 December 2022

Chandogya upanishad (Ch.6,7&8)–30

 Chapter 8, Sections 9 & 10

Mantra 8-9-1

atha hendro'prapyaiva devanetadbhayam dadarsa yathaiva khalvayamasmincharire sadhvalamkrte sadhvalamkrto bhavati suvasane suvasanah pariskrte parishkrta evamevayamasminnandhe'ndho bhavati srame sramah parivrkne parivrkno'syaiva sarirasya nasamanvesha nasyati nahamatra bhogyam pasyamiti || 8.9.1 ||

But Indra, even before he had reached the gods, saw this difficulty: "As this reflection in the water is well adorned when the body is well adorned, well dressed when the body is well dressed, clean when the body is clean, so this reflection in the water will be blind if the body is blind, one-eyed if the body is one-eyed, crippled if the body is crippled and will perish if the body perishes.  I don’t see that anything good will come from this’.

            Whereas Virocana thought Prajapati was saying the body was the Athma, Indra thought he was saying the reflection was the Athma.  Further he had a more refined mind due to the practice of Ahimsa unlike the asuras who had the habit of hurting others for their gains and pleasure. So even before he returned to Indraloka his mind was assailed with a doubt as he thought thus. “How can that reflection be my Athma?   For when I first looked at the reflection in the water it looked one way. Then when I put on fine clothes it looked another way. Suppose I lose a limb. The reflection will show that there is a limb missing. Whatever change there is in the body will show on the reflection. And if the body perishes, the reflection will be gone. So it cannot be the Athma as guru himself spoke of the Athma as something free from change, free from all defects, and immortal.  So I must approach him again and seek clarification expressing my doubts.”  Since Indra had sraddha in guru’s words, he thought he may be wrong in understanding guru’s words rather than imagining guru was wrong in his teaching.

Mantras 8-9-2&3

sa samitpaniḥ punareyaya tam ha prajapatiruvacha maghavanyacchantahrdayah pravrajih sardham virochanena kimicchanpunaragama iti sa hovacha yathaiva khalvayam bhagavo'smincharire sadhvalamkrte sadhvalamkrto bhavati suvasane suvasanah parishkrte parishkrta evamevayamasminnandhe'ndho bhavati srame sramah parivrkne parivrkno'syaiva sarirasya nasamanvesha nasyati nahamatra bhogyam pasyamiti || 8.9.2 ||

evamevaisha maghavanniti hovachaitaṃ tveva te bhuyo'nuvyakhyasyami vasaparani dvatrimsatam varshaniti sa haparani dvatrimsatam varshanyuvasa tasmai hovacha || 8.9.3 || iti navamah khandah ||

Indra returned with fuel in hand. Prajapati asked: ‘Indra, you left with Virochana happy in mind. What has made you come back?’ Indra replied: ‘Revered Sir, when the body is well decorated, the reflection is also well decorated. When the body is in fine clothes, the reflection is also in fine clothes. When the body is neat and clean, the reflection is also neat and clean. Again, suppose a person is blind. Then the reflection will show a blind body. Or if the body is lame, the reflection will show a lame body. Or if the body is hurt in some way, the reflection will show the same. Then again, if the body is destroyed, the reflection is gone. I don’t see anything good in this’. (2) Prajapati said: ‘Indra, it is so. I will explain the Athma to you again. Stay here another thirty-two years.’ Indra lived another thirty-two years there. Then Prajapati said to him— (3). End of section nine.

            Indra went back with samithpani in hand as a sign of humility and as an expression of his desire to learn more about the AthmaPrajapathi was happy that one of the two had come back seeking further instructions.  But he did not show it and asked Indra the purpose of his return.  For, after all, he left earlier happy and satisfied with Virochana.  Then Indra narrated his doubt and told him that he is not satisfied with his earlier conclusion that the reflection is the Athma.  Prajapathi affirmed the correctness of the doubt and he said that he will explain the Athma to him again and asked him to prepare himself to receive the teaching by staying with him for another thirty-two years. Indra lived there for another thirty-two years practicing Brahmacharya and at the end of the period Prajapathi instructed him. What he said will be stated in the next section. The section nine ends here.

Mantras 8-10-1&2

ya esha svapne mahiyamanascharatyesha athmeti hovachaitadamrtamabhayametadbrahmeti sa ha santahrdayah pravavraja sa haprapyaiva devanetadbhayaṃ dadarsa tadyadyapidam sariramandham bhavatyanandhah sa bhavati yadi sramamasramo naivaisho'sya doshena dushyati || 8.10.1 ||

na vadhenasya hanyate nasya sramyena sramo ghnanti tvevainaṃ vicchadayantivapriyavetteva bhavatyapi roditiva nahamatra bhogyam pasyamiti || 8.10.2 ||

(Prajapathi said) "He who moves about, adored, in dreams-this is the Athma, this is immortal, fearless. This is Brahman."  Then Indra went away satisfied in heart. But even before he had reached the gods, he saw this difficulty: "Although this dream- self is not blind even if the body is blind, nor do its eyes and nose run when the eyes and nose of the body run; although this dream-self is not affected by the defects of the body, nor killed when the body is killed, nor one-eyed when the body is one-eyed; yet they kill it (the dream self), as it were; they chase it, as it were. It becomes conscious of pain, as it were; it weeps, as it were. I do not see any good in this doctrine." (1&2)

            After thirty-two years, Prajapati said to Indra, ‘When you are asleep you have dreams and you find yourself moving about as if you are very great and powerful. That dream-self is the Athma.  That is fearless, immortal and that is Brahman.’  In the earlier teaching he pointed to Visva, the waker-self, whose lakshyartha is Athma, the Consciousness as Athma.  Now he is drawing attention to Taijasa, the dream-self, whose lakshyartha is also Athma, the Consciousness, to reveal the Athma.  Indra this time also understood wrongly the vachyartha, the dream-self, as Athma and left satisfied.  This time Prajapathi was not worried that Indra has not understood for he was confident that Indra who had shown discrimination in rejecting the gross body as anathma will realise his mistake before long.  True to his thinking Indra on the way back began to think about what Prjapathi had said and he thought “It is true that dream-self is independent of the body and is not affected by the defects of the body. But I find that even in my dreams I am sometimes happy and sometimes unhappy. Sometimes I am in pain, and sometimes I am crying. And sometimes I even see myself being chased by someone and I am frightened. Prajapati said the Athma is free from fear, so how could this fear come? It should not happen. If the Athma is subject to such limitations and unpleasant experiences, then it is not free and perfect. So, I am not happy with my thinking and I will seek further clarification.”


Mantras 8-10-3&4

sa samitpanih punareyaya tam ha prajapatiruvacha maghavanyachchantahrdayah pravrajih kimichchanpunaragama iti sa hovacha tadyadyapidam bhagavah sariramandham bhavatyanandhah sa bhavati yadi sramamasramo naivaisho'sya doshena dushyati || 8.10.3 ||

na vadhenasya hanyate nasya sramyena sramo ghnanti tvevainam vicchadayantivapriyavetteva bhavatyapi roditiva nahamatra bhogyam pasyamityevamevaisha maghavanniti hovachaitam tveva te bhuyo'nuvyakhyasyami vasaparani dvatrimsatam varshaniti sa haparaṇi dvatrimsatam varshanyuvasa tasmai hovacha || 8.10.4 || iti dasamah khandah ||

Indra returned (to Prajapati) with fuel in hand. Prajapati asked him: "O Indra, you went away satisfied in heart; now for what purpose have you come back?" He (Indra) replied: "Venerable Sir, although this dream self is not blind even if the body is blind, nor do its eyes and nose run when the eyes and nose of the body run; although this self is not affected by the defects of the body, nor killed when the body is killed, nor one-eyed when the body is one-eyed; yet they kill it (the dream self), as it were; they chase it, as it were. It becomes conscious of pain, as it were; it weeps, as it were. I do not see any good in this." "So it is, Indra," replied Prajapati. "I shall explain the Athma further to you. Live here for another thirty-two years." Indra lived there for another thirty-two years. Then Prajapati said to Indra: (3&4). End of section ten.

            Indra came back to Prajapathi carrying samithpani as an expression of his desire to learn further.  Though Prjapathi guessed the purpose he didn’t show it and asked the reason for his return.  Then Indra narrated his deliberation on Prajapathi’s teaching and said “Revered Sir, the dream-self, no doubt, is free from the drawbacks that body had but it is also not free from drawbacks as in dream, it is conscious of pain, feels sad and miserable, gets chased and even killed.   So I feel it cannot be the Athma, as I have heard from you that it is immortal, fearless and without grief or sorrow.  So Sir, please explain to me about the Athma again”.   Then Prajapathi affirming the correctness of his doubt, said that he will explain the Athma to him again and asked him to prepare himself to receive the further teaching by staying with him for another thirty-two years. Indra lived there for another thirty-two years practicing Brahmacharya and at the end of the period Prajapathi instructed him. What he said will be stated in the next section. The section ten ends here.

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