Saturday, 22 August 2020

Kenopanishad – 4

The story of Yaksha and Devas



The chapter 3 starts with the story of Yaksha and Devas which is continued in chapter 4 as well.  This seems to be addressed to a student who is adhama adhikariAdhama adhikari is one who has neither a sharp intellect nor a refined mind but has shraddha in sastras and guru upadesa, unlike an anadhikari who is devoid of shraddha in sastras and guru upadesa.  So there is the risk of adhama adhikari understanding the teaching wrongly and assuming that wrong understanding as correct understanding, viparitha grahanam.  So to make the teaching simple, the teacher explains through a story and also instructs him on connected upasanas to make the mind more subtle, so that the subtle mind can grasp the teaching easily and correctly.  Let us see the story in this blog. 

Once in their fight with Asuras, Devas scored a big victory.  While celebrating their victory they forgot it is not only their efforts, but Iswara anugraha as well, that earned them their victory.  They became arrogant, blinded by their victory and started bragging about their roles in the victory.  Brahman saw this and did not want the Devas to go the way of the Asuras consumed by their self-conceit.  So in his compassion He decided to remind them that whatever powers they have, these powers flow from Him only and cure them of their pride. So he appeared before them in the horizon as a Yaksha.  Seeing the bright luminous figure, Devas were intrigued as well a bit afraid as to who this Yaksha will be. So they deputed Agni to go and find who the Yaksha is. 

As the Agni approached the Yaksha, the Yaksha asked him who he was.  Agni was miffed that he had to explain who he was to the stranger.  So he replied pompously that he is Agni, the all-knowing.  Yaksha did not appear impressed and asked him what power he has.  Agni boastfully declared that he can burn to ashes anything on earth.   Yaksha then placed a small dry blade of grass before Agni and asked him to show his power by burning it.  Agni tried with all his might and failed.  The grass did not warm up even by a degree; let alone being turned to ashes.  So crestfallen Agni returned to the Devas and confessed his inability to find out Yaksha’s identity.  Then the Devas deputed Vayu to go and find out who the Yaksha is. 

As before, even as Vayu approached the Yaksha, the Yaksha asked him who he was.  Vayu was also annoyed that he had to explain himself first without knowing who the other person was.  So he replied boastfully that he is Vayu, the one who traverses the sky.    Yaksha did not appear impressed now also and asked him the same question as to what power he has.  Vayu proudly declared that he can blow away anything on earth.   Yaksha then placed the same small dry blade of grass before Vayu and asked him to exhibit his power by blowing it off.  Vayu attacked the blade of grass with all his force, to demonstrate his strength but the small blade of grass stayed put where it was not even moving a fraction of a centimeter.  Defeated in his attempt to dislodge the blade of grass, Vayu retreated and reported his failure to find out the identity of Yaksha.  Then Devas requested their lord, Indra, to find out who the Yaksha is. 

Indra agreed and went.  But even as he approached the YakshaYaksha disappeared.  Indra felt humiliated that he was not even given an opportunity to explain.  But he did not retreat.  With all humility he waited and pondered where he had gone wrong.  And in the very place where the Yaksha stood, Uma Devi appeared in all her splendor.  Indra respectfully asked Uma Devi who the Yaksha was.  To his enquiry Uma Devi then explained that it was none other than Brahman, whose blessings alone have earned them their victory, and He appeared before them out of compassion to cure them of their vanity.  Indra returned to the Devas and conveyed to them what he learnt from Uma DeviIndra was glorified as he got the knowledge of Brahman, from Uma Devi who is none other than Mother SruthiAgni and Vayu also shared this glory as they were privileged to approach Brahman and talk to Him.

This story explains allegorically what was given as Upadesa earlier.  Verses five to nine of the first chapter of this Upanishad had presented Brahman as that which neither the sense-organs nor the mind can reveal, but which reveals all the sense-organs and the mind.   Agni, the presiding deity for speech, and Vayu, the presiding deity for touch, represent the Indriyas and Indra, lord of Devas represents the mind, controller of sense-organs, and Indriyas are also referred to by the term Devas.  So the Indriyas and mind cannot know Brahman, even though Brahman is a part of all the experiences.  Uma Devi stands here for Brahma Vidya Guru.  When the mind becomes subtle and refined, a BrahmaVidya Guru, can guide such a mind to the knowledge of Brahman.  We can also draw other lessons from this story.
     1)    Whatever be our glories and achievements, they are only by the Grace of Iswara.
2)    They should not make us arrogant and boastful of our prowess.
3)    Where arrogance fails humility succeeds.
4)    Seeking with humility leads to a guru whose guidance is necessary for BrahmaVidya.
5)    Without guru’s guidance, it is not possible to know Brahman.
6)    Indra, Agni and Vayu became glorious, because of their knowledge of Brahman.  So that is the parama Purushartha
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